171. Chinese people in North America (Listen and Read)

In recent years, many people have moved to North America from China,

but many people do not know that Chinese people

have a long history in Canada and the United States.

During the nineteenth century, both Canada and the United States

were rapidly expanding to the west, toward the Pacific Ocean.

In those days, there were of course no cars or airplanes to allow people and goods to move across the land.

Instead, the best method of long-distance transportation was the railroad.

Railway trains could move quickly across the countryside.

However, there was one problem:

before the railway trains could run,

railroads had to be built across very long distances.

To build the railroads was a very big job.

Many men would be needed because the distance was so long and the land was so difficult,

with many mountains and rivers to be crossed.

For the men who owned the railroad companies,

it would have been too expensive to hire Canadian or American men to build the railroads

because those workers would only work for high wages.

The railroad owners decided to get workers from overseas.

Many Chinese men were willing to work for low wages because they were very poor.

These men would work very hard and send much of the money back to their relatives in China.

Thousands of Chinese men were brought to North America to work on the railroads.

They did good work, but their employers treated them badly.

The work day was very long, and working conditions were very unsafe.

Many Chinese men died in accidents while constructing the railroads.

Some Chinese women also came to North America,

but there were many more men than women.

After the railroads were completed, by about the year 1900,

very few Chinese people were allowed to come to North America.

Most people in Canada and the United States were not familiar with Chinese people

and did not want strangers to come to their countries.

Any Chinese person who came to North America had to pay an expensive tax.

This made it difficult for Chinese men to bring their wives and families to join them in North America.

Later, the governments of Canada and the United States made Chinese immigration illegal.

Eventually, the people of Canada and the United States realized that their laws had been unfair.

They changed the rules so that Chinese people

could immigrate in the same way that people from other countries could do so.

In recent decades, many Chinese people have moved to North America,

and have formed a very lively and successful community.

Many cities, such as Toronto, Vancouver,

San Francisco, and New York, have been enriched by Chinese culture.

Chinese people are now very prominent in North America, just as they were many years ago.